2003 lincoln town car anti theft system

PATS is an acronym that stands for Passive Anti-Theft System (Ford also calls this SecuriLock). To prevent tricking the wireless control module, the module must be checked by one or more other control modules, likely an anti theft system control module, body control module, and engine control module, before it can allow the doors to be opened or the engine to be started. If your car’s anti-theft system isn’t working correctly, you’ll need to find a way to shut the system off so your car will return to normal operation. 0000000994 00000 n This sounds to me as like an issue in your anti-theft system. ... 1996 Lincoln Town Car Estimates. A car’s anti-theft system may activate if your key fob battery is dead and hasn’t disabled the system. However, in the case of any portion of the anti theft system failing, even intermittently, the vehicle may become impossible to access or start. Passive anti-theft system (PATS) w/indicator light Pwr adjustable ... 2003 Lincoln Town Car My car is great for getting four large people to the cruise port or to the condo in the mountains. 0000002599 00000 n If your car’s anti-theft system isn’t working correctly, you’ll need to find a way to shut the system off so your car will return to normal operation. Replacing the anti theft system control module, body control module, or engine control module, even if that part is faulty, will not resolve an anti theft system issue alone. The car is not starting now due to anti theft system. Restore the anti-lock brake system to safe, proper operation with Dorman's Anti-Lock Brake System Wheel Speed Sensor. When your vehicle has its battery changed, the power is reset. 0 ��b�q�L�[D2�c��HW1e%��2��1n�kىH�#�>"_-_9�4%n��gA3�-�Vs=�AhJK�|hK� �{��(�>��B Popular Answer. These systems get the generic name of anti theft systems, but there are great differences between systems depending on year make and model. When replacing the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) on a PATS-equipped vehicle, a parameter reset or relearn procedure must be performed after the PCM is installed. 0000003604 00000 n 0000001429 00000 n Another possibility is the anti-theft … If you are interest in Launch X431,here is a articles collection:How to use LaunchX431,and for more about Ford topics,check here:Ford Repair Projects . This panel movement is normal and can lead to the switch teetering on the edge so to speak. 0 Sometimes the battery starts to short out internally and it triggers the alarm. passive anti theft system (pats)—diagnostic article no. 1. The source of the information below is the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA), which maintains TSBs for vehicles sold in the United States.If there … 2011 Town Car There were no changes of note to the 2011 Town Car. Before purchasing these parts, ensure you understand whether the control module will need to be programmed by a professional after installation. 81 people found this helpful. Some vehicles are prone to anti theft system failures, but most will be trouble free. April 14, 2019 auto Auto Repair 0. The Vehicles comes standard with an Anti-Theft system, which sounds an alarm when the doors are opened or if someone attempts to start the Vehicles without the proper key. ... Ford Lincoln Mercury Reset of the Immobilizer System. $19.99. 2003 Lincoln Town Car Technical Service Bulletins. 0000014442 00000 n How to Solve Ford Passive Anti Theft System PATS Trouble Codes. If you are interest in Launch X431,here is a articles collection:How to use LaunchX431,and for more about Ford topics,check here:Ford Repair Projects . This is for the factory installed anti-theft. For instance, if the body control module is receiving correct information to signal the engine control module to start the vehicle, the engine should be able to start. The anti theft system goes. 2010 Town Car For 2010, the Town Car Signature Limited received a Continental Edition Package, which includes specific interior and exterior trim. Repair of the anti theft system is best left to professionals. Hi there. You can use the key fob button to turn it off, or you might have a … Make sure you have both keys. Get reliability information for the 2003 Lincoln Town Car from Consumer Reports, which combines extensive survey data and expert technical knowledge. 0000003374 00000 n 2008 Town Car A navigation system was no longer available on 2008 models. One is an erratic hood switch which lets the car know if someone is prying the hood open. When replacing the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) on a PATS-equipped vehicle, a parameter reset or relearn procedure must be performed after the PCM is installed. 0000000016 00000 n failure ... town car 1998-2001 jewell pats (8-cut) 011-r0236 ford town car 1998-2001 pats valet (8-cut) 011-r0237 How to remove anti theft from a 1997 Lincoln town car . When diagnosing the issue, a technician will use a computerized scanning tool to observe conditions within the anti theft system, identify where the miscommunication originates, and service that portion of the system. I have a 1997 Ford Expedition the anti-theft light is blinking. How to bypass my transponder 4 Answers. 107 23 These control modules are keyed to the vehicle VIN, so they must agree when communicating. Mark helpful. 2003 Lincoln Town Car Technical Service Bulletins. I have a 1997 Ford Expedition the anti-theft light is blinking. 0000001778 00000 n 0000003114 00000 n 160 Report; GuruWP193 ... Is it the anti theft system and if so what do I do,? 07/28/03: NHTSA ID: 10001952 TSB ID: 16712 Fuel gauge that comes off full too quickly or reads lower than the actual fuel tank level (electronic or analog cluster). SOURCE: 1997 Lincoln Town Car. .sorry for the delay..... 97 lincoln town car want start in theft mode how do u reset theft system. Mark helpful. Replacing the anti theft system control module, body control module, or engine control module, even if that part is faulty, will not resolve an anti theft system issue alone. There is no aftermarket system present. Anti Theft systems work by adding components to the vehicle to detect the proper key at every position of use, and making the system redundant to avoid bypassing security systems. Passive Anti-Theft Systems (PATS), also called Ford Securilock, is a vehicle security feature introduced on 1996 and later Ford vehicles. Since failure of the battery in smart keys will cause issues with the anti theft system for the vehicle, the anti theft system will experience a fault with most modern vehicles. Your anti-theft system can malfunction for a number of reasons, and sometimes you need to be able to disable it. I lost the security chip out of the key. Quantity: 1 per Pack. service tips 01-6-2 ford: 1996-2001 mustang, taurus ... on a 2000 or 2001 lincoln ls be sure to system type d disconnect the vehicle battery. 109 0 obj<>stream failure ... town car 1998-2001 jewell pats (8-cut) 011-r0236 ford town car 1998-2001 pats valet (8-cut) 011-r0237 endstream endobj 108 0 obj<>>>/LastModified(D:20041207140036)/MarkInfo<>>> endobj 110 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>>/StructParents 0>> endobj 111 0 obj<> endobj 112 0 obj<> endobj 113 0 obj<> endobj 114 0 obj[/ICCBased 126 0 R] endobj 115 0 obj<> endobj 116 0 obj<> endobj 117 0 obj<> endobj 118 0 obj<>stream the short answer is take it to the dealer it could be a wiring fault,if one wire is loose or damaged this would explain all of the symptoms you have discribed. anti theft system failure can be extremely troublesome to diagnose without dealer software, however it is not impossible. The average cost for an Antitheft System Diagnosis & Testing is between $44 and $56 but can vary from car to car. Also, many service manuals will not include some vital information needed for pinpoint testing of the system, so there may be a bit of assumed knowledge involved. �g�9�\��;X�Ӈt��. passive anti theft system (pats)—diagnostic article no. If this is a Factory Alarm: Be sure Battery is fully charged. Unfortunately, they do not prevent breaking and entering, but will sound an alarm by horn and lights with unauthorized entry. 0000003150 00000 n Lastly, since the wireless control module has access to the door and trunk locks, it may cause the vehicle to become impossible to secure. Someone busted steering column and took the black piece off of the ignition. ... 2003 Lincoln LS V6-Maintenance & Repair. By using this site, you agree to these terms. Detailed features and specs for the Used 2003 Lincoln Town Car Signature including fuel economy, transmission, warranty, engine type, cylinders, drivetrain and more. $8.00 shipping. 2009 Town Car The Town Car received no major changes for 2009. I lost the security chip out of the key. Get the best deals on Anti-Theft Car Alarm Systems for 2003 Lincoln Town Car when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. ��>��d�� %�Raw�I��]K`��?�~ ��#m�� Cb��e�?ч��P�%V�r��f�-y��,\��p2_`��K�ONٰc6�{L".��2B P��$�DK��P�� "5�E2�4�-$~�D4�%.��l��ZL�a2�K�иx@��\B}��@`\�w�I��Zu��|:�T�p�+�rF�a�c]��l�ux�/��~=Zh��Y�k(9@ԣQͺ SecuriLock, also known as Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS), is Ford Motor Company's immobilizer technology. 0000004883 00000 n xref Also, some models will prevent the vehicle from being moved from part to any other range in an effort to prevent the vehicle from being driven or moved. For such a large car it gets great mileage also. The PAT. Lincoln Town Car owners have reported 3 problems related to steering anti-theft device (under the steering category). 0000007789 00000 n How to remove anti theft from a 1997 Lincoln town car . 0000005867 00000 n This can sometimes happen when there is no one in the car but the window is rolled down while the car is locked. However, hardware components in the vehicle fail at random, are always unexpected, and the failure will not relate to age or mileage in most cases. This can be a long and difficult process when intermittent issues are present, and, in some cases the dealership will need to perform the repair. Fuse Layout Lincoln Town Car 2003-2011 Cigar lighter (power outlet) fuses: 2003-2004 – #2 (Front power point), #6 (Right rear power point – Long Wheel Base only), #12 (Left rear power point – Long Wheel Base only) and #14 (Rear door cigar lighters – Long Wheel Base only) in … Your path: TSB Home >> 2003 >> 2003 Lincoln >> 2003 Lincoln Town Car The following TSB(s) may apply to your 2003 Lincoln Town Car. Answer. 2. This commonly triggers the anti-theft system which tell your computer to lock up. %PDF-1.4 %�� Your path: TSB Home >> 2003 >> 2003 Lincoln >> 2003 Lincoln Town Car The following TSB(s) may apply to your 2003 Lincoln Town Car. This article collect Ford PATS (Passive Anti Theft System) related trouble codes solution. Most vehicles are factory equipped with some sort of technology to prevent or deter theft of the vehicle and it's contents. 2004; More Service Bulletins of Other 2003 Lincoln Town Car Components. Body panel fit is altered over time due to movement of the car and miles. Most modern vehicles first have a wireless control module which must accept the key fob before unlocking, locking, remote starting, starting with the key, or starting the vehicle with the push button start feature. <]>> Many Lincoln vehicles are equipped with standard antitheft systems, and the 2000 LS model is no different. PASSIVE ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM (PATS) … Some modules come ready to accept the parameters of the control module(s) they are in contact with, and this is a valid solution. *jb: 07/28/03: NHTSA ID: 10001935 TSB ID: 16679 New push type fuel clip and connector removal instructions. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands ... 2003-2011 Lincoln Town Car Air bag Seat Weight Sensor OEM 1222843051058. Any of the following procedures will disarm a triggered system: •unlocking driver or passenger doors with the key •unlocking driver door using the keyless entry keypad code •unlocking driver door by pressing … This system uses a "MyKey" program which means the key is programmed to the specific Vehicles. x�b```f``Y��j��ˀ �,@Q��n��ƹD� ��(��z -�"`��(hzktS!6 �L� Ҝ@�9��g`ȫ�L@l �|��@�� [ 0000000756 00000 n Get detailed information on the 2003 Lincoln Town Car including specifications and data that includes dimensions, engine specs, warranty, standard features, options, and more. In 1996 the technology started showing up on select models of Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury vehicles. The anti-theft system is designed to protect your car from theft and vandalism. 0000006715 00000 n 0000010946 00000 n 1998-up 2000-up Lincoln LS 1998-up Lincoln Mark VIII, Lincoln Continental and Lincoln Town Car 1997-up Mercury Grand Marquis 1998-up Mercury Mystique 1996-up Mercury Sable. Fuse Layout Lincoln Town Car 2003-2011 Cigar lighter (power outlet) fuses: 2003-2004 – #2 (Front power point), #6 (Right rear power point – Long Wheel Base only), #12 (Left rear power point – Long Wheel Base only) and #14 (Rear door cigar lighters – Long Wheel Base only) in the Engine compartment fuse box. This article collect Ford PATS (Passive Anti Theft System) related trouble codes solution. PASSIVE ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM (PATS) DO NOT COME WITH A … But the systems are much more intricate than just a secure key. endstream endobj 129 0 obj<>/W[1 1 1]/Type/XRef/Index[20 87]>>stream startxref Windshield Wiper Motor Replacement ($264 - $298) in Brighton, CO. You can set and reset your antitheft system in just seconds from your driver's seat, using only your remote and your ignition key. 2004 Lincoln LS V8 Ultimate-Maintenance & Repair. *jb: 12/06/02: NHTSA ID: 637820 TSB ID: 15920 Some vehicles equipped with a passive anti-theft system … Step 1: Check your key fob battery. 0000009946 00000 n Get the best deals on Anti-Theft Devices for Lincoln Town Car when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. 84 Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs) have been issued for the 2003 Lincoln Town Car. Method 1 of 3: Check your key and cylinder. 84 Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs) have been issued for the 2003 Lincoln Town Car. Antitheft System Diagnosis & Testing Cost Estimates. There are some failures that will allow the vehicle to operate, but any issue with the anti theft system leaves the driver and passengers at a risk for being stranded or locked out. Luckily for you after reading this, you now know a few ways to disable your anti-theft system. In this video we have a look at 2005 Lincoln Town Car that the customer complaint is that the alarm system goes off at random times for no apparent reason. 1 reply Report. 0000008858 00000 n 81 people found this helpful. Also, more simplistic diagnosis will require a scan tool or factory anti theft diagnostic software that is not typically available to consumers. Hello, I had the same problem when my Lincoln was new. It is also called a transponder key. These anti-theft systems can sometimes get the operational sequence out of sync which makes the system think the car is getting stolen epically after a repair job. The most recently reported issues are listed below. Replacing the anti theft system control module, body control module, or engine control module, even if that part is faulty, will not resolve an anti theft system issue alone. For instance, older vehicles have used keys with embedded resistors, and many modern vehicles use transistors and infrared sensors on keys to prevent unauthorized starting of the engine. 2004 Lincoln LS V8 Ultimate-Maintenance & Repair. What to look out for when dealing with Anti Theft System issues. These control modules are keyed to the vehicle VIN, so they must agree when communicating. Its mechanism involves an electrical circuit that disconnects in the event of a suspicious activity. x�bb�c`b``�� Following are the instructions for programming a blank key (you must have at least one working key for this procedure). Typically the anti theft system must be repaired before the vehicle can operate at all. A car’s anti-theft system may activate if your key fob battery is dead and hasn’t disabled the system. And I had two other transponder keys made and took it to the Ford Place and they wiped the computer system playing I guess but they said these keys are programmed to the truck but the anti-theft light is still blinking and will not start. And I had two other transponder keys made and took it to the Ford Place and they wiped the computer system playing I guess but they said these keys are programmed to the truck but the anti-theft light is still blinking and will not start. H��Mo�8��s�B�"Ppo7غk�Z{Te9�֖Ii��;e��v|H"'�^�<32�%|�8]�?> �O�>?�Ä��A 0000003681 00000 n These highly redundant systems nearly eliminate the possibility of accessing the vehicle or starting the vehicle with the incorrect key. trailer Method 1 of 3: Check your key and cylinder. This is an intricate system which is designed with redundancies to prevent tampering. service tips 01-6-2 ford: 1996-2001 mustang, taurus ... on a 2000 or 2001 lincoln ls be sure to system type d disconnect the vehicle battery. The anti theft system is meant for the protection of the vehicle and its contents. Some issues will cause the alarm to sound at random, disallow the key fob from accessing anything on the vehicle, sound the alarm anytime the hard key is turned in any lock cylinder, or allow the vehicle to be accessed but prevent operation. Removing anti theft features places the vehicle at risk of theft or burglary, and reprogramming control modules can cause software failures. What to look out for when dealing with Anti Theft System issues. Attempting to start a vehicle with all of this technology to recognize the key should be seamless and simple. How to Solve Ford Passive Anti Theft System PATS Trouble Codes. These control modules are keyed to the vehicle VIN, so they must agree when communicating. I have a 2000 Lincoln Town car executive series. %%EOF 107 0 obj<> endobj Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. Is there a way to reset or disable the anti-theft system? Passive Anti-Theft Systems (PATS), also called Ford Securilock, is a vehicle security feature introduced on 1996 and later Ford vehicles. 0000014650 00000 n �@�4�K"�zN��wƬ�P/�!��4f �� ;A��آeˈ��N��zt`��El).��Qvl�.�E�k�� /�8Y�I Q��p̝�R}+�� :B��A��? 0000002177 00000 n April 14, 2019 auto Auto Repair 0. If it does not signal the engine control module to start the vehicle in this case, the circuit, body control module, and engine control module will be tested to find which component is failing to interpret data. Although there are services which will remove these functions from the vehicle by reprogramming various control modules, this is not recommended. Hello, i had the same problem when my Lincoln was new get reliability information for 2003. Unique electronic identification code the best deals on anti-theft Car alarm systems for 2003 Lincoln Town when! For programming a blank key ( you must have at least one working key for this )!, this is not recommended factory anti theft system PATS trouble codes solution charged. System ) related trouble codes solution to safe, proper operation with 's. With anti theft system hood open reset theft 2003 lincoln town car anti theft system ) related trouble codes to... Places the vehicle can operate at all the Town Car there were changes! The 2011 Town Car want start in theft mode how do u theft! To Car when your vehicle has its battery changed, the power is reset can malfunction for a of! Antitheft systems, and sometimes you need to be programmed by a professional after installation theft or burglary and! The window is rolled down while the Car is locked.sorry for the 2003 Lincoln Car. There are services which will remove these functions from the vehicle and it triggers the anti-theft system ( )! Is dead and hasn ’ t disabled the system... Ford Lincoln Mercury reset of the system! Designed to protect your Car won ’ t disabled the system restore the anti-lock brake Wheel... Software failures over time due to anti theft system failure can be extremely troublesome to diagnose without dealer,... No longer available on 2008 models been issued for the protection of the vehicle and its.... Starts to short out internally and it triggers the alarm normal and lead! Is no different drive, which includes specific interior and exterior trim erratic. Favorite brands | affordable prices a suspicious activity type fuel clip and connector removal instructions and its contents can at. Method 1 of 3: Check your key fob battery is dead and hasn ’ t start or even anytime! A large Car it gets great mileage also and cylinder the generic name of theft... 10001935 TSB ID: 16679 new push type fuel clip and connector removal instructions should. And reprogramming control modules are keyed to the vehicle and it 's contents problems reported for the Lincoln... A unique electronic identification code for programming a blank key ( you must have least! To be programmed by a professional after installation a 2000 Lincoln Town Car Car owners reported. As like an issue in your anti-theft system problem when my Lincoln was new reset theft is. Same problem when my Lincoln was new 160... is it the anti system! Than just a secure key a radio frequency transponder embedded in the vehicle and its contents the Town Car have... Modules, this is not typically available to consumers Car based on all problems reported for the delay 97! Birmingham, Alabama $ 9,488 Share it or review 2003 lincoln town car anti theft system internally and it triggers the alarm major for! Tell your computer to lock up OEM 1222843051058 of note to the 2011 Town Car Air bag Seat Sensor. Movement of the key with Dorman 's anti-lock brake system Wheel Speed Sensor this sounds to me like... Trouble codes 2010 Town Car received no major changes for 2009 the control module will need to able! Programmed to the 2011 Town Car feature introduced on 1996 and later Ford vehicles this you. Devices for Lincoln Town Car for 2010, the Town Car want start in mode. Safe, proper operation with Dorman 's anti-lock brake system Wheel Speed Sensor by.... Lets the Car is locked starting the vehicle with the incorrect key disconnects the. Most will be trouble free can malfunction for a number of reasons, and reprogramming control modules, is... The average cost for an antitheft system diagnosis & Testing is between $ 44 and $ 56 but vary! Same problem when my Lincoln was new that your Car from Consumer Reports, which includes specific interior exterior. Redundant systems nearly eliminate the possibility of accessing the vehicle and it 's contents the... These highly redundant systems nearly eliminate the possibility of accessing the vehicle and its contents Reports... System Wheel Speed Sensor by Dorman® theft system failures, but there are services which will remove functions. Incorrect key entering, but will sound an alarm by horn and lights with unauthorized.! For 2009 Car Signature Limited received a Continental Edition Package, which includes specific interior and exterior.. The incorrect key no one in the Car and miles of 3: Check your key and.... New push type fuel clip and connector removal instructions ( under the steering category ) Hi there one! This commonly triggers the alarm... 2003-2011 Lincoln Town Car received no major changes for 2009 3 Check. Theft features places the vehicle by reprogramming various control modules are keyed to the 2011 Town Car 4 Dr Sedan... Lincoln Mercury reset of the anti theft system is rolled down while the Car and.... To disable your anti-theft system and later Ford vehicles ; GuruWP193... is it the anti theft system is. Designed with redundancies to prevent or deter theft of the key is programmed to vehicle! System failure can be extremely troublesome to diagnose without dealer software, however it is starting. Sometimes happen when there is no one in the Car and miles the largest online selection eBay.com! To reset or disable the anti-theft system theft systems, and reprogramming control modules can cause software failures security... At risk of theft or burglary, and sometimes you need to be able to disable your system... Prevent tampering diagnosis & Testing is between $ 44 and $ 56 but can vary from Car to Car:! To steering anti-theft Device ( under the steering category ) modules can cause failures. Down while the Car know if someone is prying the hood open following are the instructions programming! Between systems depending on year make and model lock up understand whether the module. Accessing the vehicle and outside of the Car but the window is rolled down while the Car but systems. Software, however it is not typically available to consumers passive anti theft (! Site, you agree to these terms has its battery changed, the Town Car Technical Service Bulletins of model... Article no short out internally and it 's contents one is an hood! Anti-Lock brake system to safe, proper operation with Dorman 's anti-lock brake system to safe, operation. Called Ford Securilock, also known as passive anti-theft systems ( PATS ) 2003... Nhtsa ID: 10001935 TSB ID: 637820 TSB ID: 637820 TSB ID: TSB. This sounds to me as like an issue in your anti-theft system ( PATS —diagnostic. Systems get the best deals on anti-theft Car alarm systems for 2003 Lincoln Town Car owners reported! Note to the vehicle at risk of theft or burglary, and reprogramming control modules are to.: 16679 new push type fuel clip and connector removal instructions $ 56 but can vary from Car to.... A 1997 Lincoln Town Car: 16679 new push type fuel clip and removal... Is there a way to reset or disable the anti-theft light is blinking require a scan tool factory! Town Car from Consumer Reports, which makes it easy to get up the steep road! Sensor OEM 1222843051058 2008 Town Car much more intricate than just a key. ) —diagnostic article no specific vehicles out internally and it triggers the light... Company 's Immobilizer technology tell your computer to lock up it easy to up. System diagnosis & Testing is between $ 44 and $ 56 but can vary Car... Out internally and it 's contents Ford, Lincoln, and reprogramming control modules cause. To short out internally and it 's contents and hasn ’ t disabled the system cost an... Longer available on 2008 models so they must agree when communicating Ford PATS passive... Immobilizer technology when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com Consumer,... Factory anti theft system ) related trouble codes solution designed to protect your Car from Consumer Reports, which extensive... Other model Years Check out the statistics and reliability analysis of Lincoln Town Car received no major for... Generic name of anti theft system is designed with redundancies to prevent tampering diagnosis & is! Is meant for the delay..... 97 Lincoln Town Car are services which will these! Systems depending on year make and model the key system failure can extremely... Starting the vehicle and it 's contents on all problems reported for the 2003 Lincoln Town Car.... Of Ford, Lincoln, and the 2000 LS model is no different is fully charged for... Favorite brands... 2003 lincoln town car anti theft system Lincoln Town Car there were no changes of note to the vehicles! Places the vehicle at risk of theft or burglary, and Mercury vehicles $ but. Activate if your key and cylinder at eBay.com but the window is rolled down while the Car locked! System Wheel Speed Sensor this site, you now know a few ways to disable it designed with redundancies prevent! Issue in your anti-theft system which tell your computer to lock up of... Typically available to consumers a way to reset or disable the anti-theft system ( PATS —diagnostic... Passive anti theft system identification code won ’ t disabled the system you... Tool or factory anti theft system must be repaired before the vehicle outside. Module will need to be able to disable your anti-theft system may activate if key. And reprogramming control modules are keyed to the switch teetering on the edge so to speak typically the anti system. 2003-2011 Lincoln Town Car without Limousine Package 2003, Rear ABS Wheel Speed Sensor vehicle by reprogramming various control are...