Early in May he made secret overtures to British headquarters, and a year later he informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. His grandfather, after whom he was named, was one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony, but Arnold's father was the opposite of the upstanding Benedict Arnold I. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. 4. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. He began to drink heavily, and . He proposed an action to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety to seize Fort Ticonderoga in upstate New York, which he knew was poorly defended. [45] He then distinguished himself in both Battles of Saratoga, even though General Gates removed him from field command after the first battle, following a series of escalating disagreements and disputes that culminated in a shouting match. The fort was finally captured by the British in 1759. Benedict Arnold, despite his bravery on the battlefield, eventually switched sides and became the most infamous traitor in American history. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. The British withdrew from Philadelphia in June 1778, and Washington appointed Arnold military commander of the city. At critical moments Arnold inspired the Patriots with his grit and determination and earned the admiration of George Washington. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. His chaplain Rev. Only action by Arnold's superior at Ticonderoga prevented his own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. When American leaders discovered the plot, Arnold fled. His company marched northeast the following month to assist in the siege of Boston that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord. He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. Andr had spies and informers keeping track of Arnold to verify his movements. He led a small contingent of militia attempting to stop or slow the British return to the coast in the Battle of Ridgefield, and was again wounded in his left leg. [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . She was the conduit for information to the British. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. The most famous of these occurred on May 10, 1775, when Ethan Allen and his band of Green Mountain Boys, accompanied by Benedict Arnold, who held a commission from . 2. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. Why did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? [81], Early in April, Philip Schuyler had approached Arnold with the possibility of giving him the command at West Point. For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). He was on his way home from Ticonderoga when he learned that his wife had died earlier in June. By. Two months later he repelled a British attack on Danbury, Connecticut, and was made a major general, but his seniority was not restored and Arnold felt his honour impugned. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. Major-General Nathanael Greene (August 7 [O.S. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. 3 January 1740][1][a] June 14, 1801) was an American-born military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. Samuel Spring carried him to the makeshift hospital at the Htel Dieu. [121], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. [60] Some of this communication was effected through the services of Joseph Stansbury, a Philadelphia merchant.[61]. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. This long after he lived, it would probably be impossible to know whether Benedict Arnold liked or disliked any particular food. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. [113], Arnold then applied to accompany General Carleton, who was going to New York to replace Clinton as commander-in-chief, but the request went nowhere. He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. Working as a spy, Armistead gained the trust of General Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold,. [21] However, it is unknown whether this encounter actually happened or not. The second was Benedict Arnold. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. Things to remember while reading excerpts from Americans' reactions to Benedict Arnold's treason: Before his betrayal (discovered in 1780), Benedict Arnold was a major American hero. Andr then drafted instructions to Stansbury and Arnold. At the end of 1781 Arnold went to England. One colonel wrote to Clinton concerning Arnold: "There are many officers who must wish some other general in command. [34], Arnold then traveled to Montreal where he served as military commander of the city until forced to retreat by an advancing British army that had arrived at Quebec in May. Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. general, has a name that's become synonymous with deceit and. Arnold was born in Connecticut. Benedict Arnold, shown on the left concealing his plans in John Andr's boot, has become synonymous with treason but before he betrayed America, he saved it. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . "[32], Arnold began the war as a captain in the Connecticut militia, a position to which he was elected in March 1775. [79], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to account fully for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some 1,000,[b] largely because he was unable to document them. [77] Arnold worked over the next few months to publicize this fact; however, Washington published a formal rebuke of his behavior in early April, just one week after he had congratulated Arnold on the birth of his son Edward Shippen Arnold on March 19:[78], The Commander-in-Chief would have been much happier in an occasion of bestowing commendations on an officer who had rendered such distinguished services to his country as Major General Arnold; but in the present case, a sense of duty and a regard to candor oblige him to declare that he considers his conduct [in the convicted actions] as imprudent and improper. He started as an apprentice Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. He had requested to resign multiple times after being refused promotions and, from December 1779 to January 1780, was court-martialed because of multiple charges of misconduct. This was the last straw. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. [55], Arnold lived extravagantly in Philadelphia and was a prominent figure on the social scene. In that era, people ate most of the common foods without. His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. Needed repairs were never ordered on the chain across the Hudson. Thereupon I expressed the desire of seeing that gentleman, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. From psychological wounds received in his Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family's fortunes? Yet as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his original commitment and defected to England. [82] When he reached Connecticut, Arnold arranged to sell his home there and began transferring assets to London through intermediaries in New York. [132], Talleyrand continued, "I must confess that I felt much pity for him, for which political puritans will perhaps blame me, but with which I do not reproach myself, for I witnessed his agony". Benedict Arnold Is America's Most Famous Traitor. [103], Washington remained calm when he was presented with evidence of Arnold's treason. Things Trump will never be. He later said in his own defense that he was loyal to his true beliefs, yet he lied at the same time by insisting that Peggy was totally innocent and ignorant of his plans. [109] They also attacked and captured Fort Griswold across the river in Groton, Connecticut, slaughtering the Americans after they surrendered following the Battle of Groton Heightsand all these deeds were done just a few miles down the Thames River from Norwich, where Arnold grew up. [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. [47] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on October 17, 1777. [3] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church in Battersea, England. [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. [119] The most serious of these was a slander suit which he won against a former business partner; and following this, townspeople burned him in effigy in front of his house, as Peggy and the children watched. His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". Major Benjamin Tallmadge was a member of the Continental Army's Culper Ring, a network of spies established under Washington's orders,[97] and he insisted that Jameson order the prisoner to be intercepted and brought back. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. Some theatrical treatments of the 19th century explored his duplicity, seeking to understand rather than demonize it. The sacrifice of Andr made Arnold odious to loyalists, and his reputation was further tarnished among his former neighbours when he led a raid on New London, Connecticut, in September 1781. In 1763, he repaid money that he had borrowed from the Lathrops,[17] repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. With the permission of his master, Armistead enlisted in the Revolutionary War under General Lafayette. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. Through his maternal grandmother, Arnold was a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor of six presidents. Clinton was concerned that Washington's army and the French fleet would join in Rhode Island, and he again fixed on West Point as a strategic point to capture. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. "[115], In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, where they speculated in land and established a business doing trade with the West Indies. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. [18] On one of his voyages, he fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "damned Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". It was General Arnold. Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775). [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. [83], Andr returned victorious from the Siege of Charleston on June 18, and both he and Clinton were immediately caught up in this news. Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. His first name was actually Enoch. We largely don't even know who he is. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. Or was it a kind of extreme midlife crisis, swerving from radical political beliefs to reactionary ones, a change accelerated by his marriage to the very young, very pretty, very Tory Peggy Shippen? [33], The Second Continental Congress authorized an invasion of Quebec, in part on the urging of Arnoldbut he was passed over for command of the expedition. 10 interesting facts about st benedict. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. The September 21 meeting with British Major John Andre was a disaster for both men. At his request, a court martial was held to clear his name. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. [130] In Arnold's home town of Norwich, Connecticut, someone scrawled "the traitor" next to his record of birth at city hall, and all of his family's gravestones have been destroyed except his mother's.[131]. Arnold's friend, George Washington, was heartbroken over the news, but was forced to deal with the treacherous act. The America. Arnold immediately hastened to the shore and ordered bargemen to row him downriver to where HMS Vulture was anchored, fleeing on it to New York City. That autumn he was appointed by Gen. George Washington to command an expedition to capture Quebec. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. [103] The anti-war Whigs had gained the upper hand in Parliament, and Germain was forced to resign, with the government of Lord North falling not long after. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. 3. [42] Amid negotiations over that issue, Arnold wrote out a letter of resignation on July 11, the same day that word arrived in Philadelphia that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. Together, they won the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga, America's first victory in the Revolutionary War. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. As a young man, Arnold. The crowd of hundreds of people was quiet. The first man was a British major named John Andre. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . 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